Hope measurement questionnaire for family members of patients admitted to intensive care units
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22122/cdj.v7i4.455Keywords:
Questionnaire Design, Hope, Intensive Care, Psychometric, Intensive Care UnitAbstract
BACKGROUND: Since the concept of hope in the family members of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) is of particular importance and the role of this concept in the health of this group of people is evident, it seems that a valid and reliable scale for measuring this concept is necessary. The purpose of this study was to design a hope measurement questionnaire for family members of patients admitted to the ICU of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj, Iran.
METHODS: The families of patients in the ICUs were selected using the convenience sampling method and completed the "Hope Questionnaire" along with demographic characteristics questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (criterion scale). The validity of the instrument was determined by construct validity and criterion validity and the reliability was evaluated through calculation of internal correlation coefficient and test-retest. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's alpha.
RESULTS: The items having the most factor loading were named based on the nature and size of the variables from which the extracted factors had the most share. First factor, including 15 items alone, represented 14.867% of the total variance and was named "Optimistic Thinking towards the Future" and the second factor, representing 14.666% of the total variance, was named "Pessimistic Thinking towards the Future" which had 7 items. The correlation between the scores of Hope Scale and the BDI, which was performed for assessing the criterion validity of the scale (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The Hope Scale helps researchers gauge the different dimensions of hope through a deeper understanding of this concept. The scale had high validity and reliability in all fields. Considering the simplicity of its application and implementation, it can be used in various researches in which hope is considered as one of the studied variables.
References
Abrisham Kar S, Jivad N. Epidemiological analysis of head trauma in patients admitted to Kashani general hospital, Shahrekord, June 2000-May 2001. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci 2004; 5(4): 27-32. [In Persian].
Amendolia B. Hope and parents of the critically ill newborn: A concept analysis. Adv Neonatal Care 2010; 10(3): 140-4.
Bland R, Darlington Y. The nature and sources of hope: Perspectives of family caregivers of people with serious mental illness. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2002; 38(2): 61-8.
Blanch D'Souza SR, Karkada S, Lewis LE, Mayya S, Guddattu V. Relationship between stress, coping and nursing support of parents of preterm infants admitted to tertiary level neonatal intensive care units of Karnataka, India: A cross-sectional survey. Journal of Neonatal Nursing 2009; 15(5): 152-8.
Campbell DT, Fiske DW. Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychol Bull 1959; 56(2): 81-105.
Clarke DM, Kissane DW. Demoralization: Its phenomenology and importance. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2002; 36(6): 733-42.
Chien WT, Chiu YL, Lam LW, Ip WY. Effects of a needs-based education programme for family carers with a relative in an intensive care unit: A quasi-experimental study. Int J Nurs Stud 2006; 43(1): 39-50.
Miller JF, Powers MJ. Development of an instrument to measure hope. Nurs Res 1988; 37(1): 6-10.
Fitzgerald MJ. Hope: A construct central to nursing. Nurs Forum 2007; 42(1): 12-9.
Herth K. Abbreviated instrument to measure hope: Development and psychometric evaluation. J Adv Nurs 1992; 17(10): 1251-9.
Snyder CR. Coping: The psychology of what works. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 1999.
Hsieh HF, Shannon SE. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res 2005; 15(9): 1277-88.
Hinds PS, Gattuso JS. Measuring hopefulness in adolescents. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 1991; 8(2): 92-4.
Kim DS, Kim HS, Schwartz-Barcott D, Zucker D. The nature of hope in hospitalized chronically ill patients. Int J Nurs Stud 2006; 43(5): 547-56.
Morse JM. Approaches to qualitative-quantitative methodological triangulation. Nurs Res 1991; 40(2): 120-3.
Elliot D, Schneider Z, LoBiondo-Wood G. Nursing research: Methods, critical appraisal and utilisation. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby; 2004.
Farran CJ, Herth KA, Popovich JM. Hope and hopelessness: Critical clinical constructs. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc; 1995.
Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: Concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today 2004; 24(2): 105-12.
