The effect of amniotic membrane on growth, proliferation, and survival of the myeloma cells and examination of genes related to proliferation (BCL2), implantation (CXCR4), and cell cycle stop (P21 and P27)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22122/cdj.v6i4.351Keywords:
Amniotic Membrane, Multiple Myeloma, Cell CycleAbstract
BACKGROUND: The myeloma cell is not able to grow and proliferate out of bone marrow (BM) media, and in laboratory conditions its survival is low. We considered to use an environment that has the same conditions as body physiological conditions. In this study, the effect of the amniotic membrane (AM) on the growth and proliferation of myeloma cells were evaluated.
METHODS: This study was performed on plasma cells derived from BM aspiration (primary cells) in 3 patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Plasma cells of these patients were isolated by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) technique and cultured in different environments of AM for two consecutive weeks, and then were examined by qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for expression of genes related to proliferation [B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)], implantation [chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)], and cell cycle stop (P21, P27).
RESULTS: Isolated plasma cells were cultured in 3 different groups for 2 weeks. The most cell proliferation was observed in the medium containing Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium from amniotic cultures and plasma cells [an environment without fetal bovine serum (FBS)]. All genes were expressed on day zero (on the day of isolation). On the day 4, proliferation genes (BCL2) and implantation genes (CXCR4) had an expression in the control group without FBS medium, but P21 and P27 genes had no expression.
CONCLUSION: The best environment for the growth and maintenance of plasma cells in vitro is the use of RPMI from the AM (without FBS) in which plasma cells can be kept alive for 10 days.
References
Vaghef N, Abroun S, Kaviani S, Alimoghadam K, Rostami S, Sadeghi B, et al. The role of leptin in pathophysiology of myeloma cells. Yakhteh Medical Journal 2010; 12(3): 319-28.
Ribatti D, Moschetta M, Vacca A. Microenvironment and multiple myeloma spread. Thromb Res 2014; 133(Suppl 2): S102-S106.
Kim SW, Kim HY, Lee HJ, Yun HJ, Kim S, Jo DY. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 promotes myeloma cell growth in both autocrine and paracrine manners. Korean J Hematol 2018; 43(3): 127-37.
Urashima M, Ogata A, Chauhan D, Vidriales MB, Teoh G, Hoshi Y, et al. Interleukin-6 promotes multiple myeloma cell growth via phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Blood 1996; 88(6): 2219-27.
Brenne AT, Ro TB, Waage A, Sundan A, Borset M, Hjorth-Hansen H. Interleukin-21 is a growth and survival factor for human myeloma cells. Blood 2002; 99(10): 3756-62.
Jia YH, Dong XS, Wang XS. Effects of endostatin on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors and neovascularization in colonic carcinoma implanted in nude mice. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10(22): 3361-4.
Giuliani N, Colla S, Lazzaretti M, Sala R, Roti G, Mancini C, et al. Proangiogenic properties of human myeloma cells: Production of angiopoietin-1 and its potential relationship to myeloma-induced angiogenesis. Blood 2003; 102(2): 638-45.
Podar K, Richardson PG, Hideshima T, Chauhan D, Anderson KC. The malignant clone and the bone-marrow environment. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2007; 20(4): 597-612.
Hideshima T, Bergsagel PL, Kuehl WM, Anderson KC. Advances in biology of multiple myeloma: Clinical applications. Blood 2004; 104(3): 607-18.
Abe M, Hiura K, Wilde J, Shioyasono A, Moriyama K, Hashimoto T, et al. Osteoclasts enhance myeloma cell growth and survival via cell-cell contact: A vicious cycle between bone destruction and myeloma expansion. Blood 2004; 104(8): 2484-91.
Dally N, Eshel E. Targeting Angiogenesis in the Treatment of Multiple. Curr Angiogenes 2014; 3(1): 39-47.
Fairbairn NG, Randolph MA, Redmond RW. The clinical applications of human amnion in plastic surgery. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2014; 67(5): 662-75.
Niknejad H, Peirovi H, Jorjani M, Ahmadiani A, Ghanavi J, Seifalian AM. Properties of the amniotic membrane for potential use in tissue engineering. Eur Cell Mater 2008; 15: 88-99.
Riboh JC, Saltzman BM, Yanke AB, Cole BJ. Human amniotic membrane-derived products in sports medicine: Basic science, early results, and potential clinical applications. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44(9): 2425-34.
Chopra A, Thomas BS. Amniotic membrane: A novel material for regeneration and repair. J Biomim Biomater Tissue Eng 2013; 18(1): 1-8.
