The relationship between air pollution exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Ahvaz, Iran

Authors

  • Gholamreza Goudarzi Associate Professor, Environmental Technologies Research Center AND Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran<br />
  • Sahar Geravandi MSc Student, Department of Nursing, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran AND Razi Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran<br />
  • Mohammad Javad Mohammadi <p class="Title3"><span>3 PhD Candidate, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Razi Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran</span></p><br />
  • Shokrollah Salmanzadeh <p class="Default">Assistant Professor, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center AND Razi Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran</p>
  • Mehdi Vosoughi <p class="Title3"><span>PhD Candidate, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran</span></p>
  • Mohammad Sahebalzamani Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran<br />

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22122/cdj.v3i1.119

Keywords:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Air Pollution, Ahvaz

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Air pollutants can have harmful effects on human health. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is represented by a spectrum of obstructive airway diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between air pollution exposure and COPD in Ahvaz, Iran.

METHODS: The present epidemiological study was performed in Ahvaz city. Data were obtained from the Ahvaz Department of Environment (ADoE). Sampling was performed for 24 hours in 4 stations. Raw data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel software, and after the impact of meteorological parameters, data were converted as input file into the model. Data analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows.

RESULTS: The results of this study showed that the annual average PM10 concentration during 2012 was
727 μg/m3. According to the research findings, the two stations of Bureau of Meteorology and the city center had the highest and the lowest PM10 concentrations during 2012, respectively. The results showed a strong correlation between visits to a hospital due to COPD and PM10 emission in Ahvaz city. Approximately, 6.2% of hospital admissions for COPD occurred when the PM10 concentration was higher than 30 μg/m3.

CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study showed that the total mean of particle matter was higher than the standard concentration. The higher percentage of hospital admission could be the result of the dust storm, higher average PM10, and sustained high concentration days in Ahvaz

References

Goudarzi G, Mohammadi M, Ahmadi Angali K, Mohammadi B, Soleimani Z, Babaei A, et al. Estimation of Number of Cardiovascular Death, Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) from NO2 Exposure using Air Q Model in Ahvaz City During 2009. Iran J Health Environ 2013; 6(1): 91-102.

Soleimani Z, Goudarzi Gh, Naddafi K, Sadeghinejad B, Latifi SM, Parhizgari N, et al. Determination of culturable indoor airborne fungi during normal and dust event days in Ahvaz, Iran. Aerobiologia 2013; 29(2): 279-90.

Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA, III, Brook JR, Bhatnagar A, Diez-Roux AV, et al. Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010; 121(21): 2331-78.

Chen B, Kan H. Air pollution and population health: a global challenge. Environ Health Prev Med 2008; 13(2): 94-101.

Goudarzi Gh, Geravandi S, Salmanzadeh Sh, Mohammadi MJ, Zallaghi E. The number of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death cases associated with sulfur dioxide exposure in ahvaz, iran. Arshive of Hygiene Sciences 2014; 3(3): 112-9.

Baccarelli A, Barretta F, Dou C, Zhang X, McCracken JP, Diaz A, et al. Effects of particulate air pollution on blood pressure in a highly exposed population in Beijing, China: a repeated-measure study. Environ Health 2011; 10: 108.

Goudarzi G, Geravandi S, Mohammadi MJ, Saeidimehr S, Ghomaishi A, Salmanzadeh Sh. Health endpoints caused by PM10 Exposure in Ahvaz, Iran. Iranian Journal of health, Safety and environment 2014; 1(4): 159-65.

Mirhosseini SH, Birjandi M, Zare MR, Fatehizadeh A. Analysis of Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) concentration in Khorramabad city. Int J Env Health Eng 2012; 1(7): 1-4.

Taghavirad SS, Davar H, Mohammadi MJ. The a study on concentration of betx vapors during winter in the department of ports and shipping located in one of the southern cities of iran. International Journal of Current Life Sciences 2014; 4(9): 5416-20.

Medina S, Le TA, Saklad M. The Apheis project: Air Pollution and Health-A European Information System. Air Qual Atmos Health 2009; 2(4): 185-98.

Goudarzi Gh, Geravandi S, Vosoughi M, Mohammadi MJ, Neisi A, Taghavirad SS. Cardiovascular deaths related to carbon monoxide exposure in Ahvaz, Iran. Iranian Journal of health, Safety and environment 2014; 1(3): 126-31.

Madhavi Latha K, Highwood EJ. Studies on particulate matter (PM10) and its precursors over urban environment of Reading, UK. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 2006; 101(2): 367-79.

Geravandi S, Mohammadi MJ, Godarzi Gh, Ahmadi Angali K, Neisi AK, Zalaghi E. Health effects of exposure to particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10) in Ahvaz. J Qazvin Univ Med Sci 2014; 18(5): 28-36. [In Persian].

Fishman AP. One hundred years of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171(9): 941-8.

Gruber P. The Acute Presentation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Emergency Department: A Challenging Oxymoron. J Eme Med Pract 2008; 10(11): 1-12.

Nathell L, Nathell M, Malmberg P, Larsson K. COPD diagnosis related to different guidelines and spirometry techniques. Respir Res 2007; 8: 89.

Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Buist SA, Calverley P, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176(6): 532-55.

World Health Organization. The top 10 causes of death [Online]. [cited 2013]; Available from: URL:

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/

Wong CM, Atkinson RW, Anderson HR, Hedley AJ, Ma S, Chau PY, et al. A tale of two cities: effects of air pollution on hospital admissions in Hong Kong and London compared. Environ Health Perspect 2002; 110(1): 67-77.

Hwang JS, Chan CC. Effects of air pollution on daily clinic visits for lower respiratory tract illness. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 155(1): 1-10.

Tsai SS, Goggins WB, Chiu HF, Yang CY. Evidence for an association between air pollution and daily stroke admissions in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Stroke 2003; 34(11): 2612-6.

Dockery DW, Pope CA, III, Xu X, Spengler JD, Ware JH, Fay ME, et al. An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. N Engl J Med 1993; 329(24): 1753-9.

Isabelle R. A study commissioned as part of the CEC's trade and transportation corridors work under its Cooperation on North American Air Quality Issues Project. 2003.

Martuzzi M, Galassi C, Ostro B, Forastiere F, Bertollini R. Health impact assessment of air pollution in the eight major Italian cities. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2002.

Mohammadi MJ. Studied hygienic effects of air pollution in town Ahvaz in 2009 with model Air Q [MSc Thesis]. Ahvaz, Iran: Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; 2009. [In Persian].

Goudarzi G. Quantification of health effects of air pollution in Tehran and determining the impact of a comprehensive program to reduce air pollution in Tehran on the third axis [PhD Thesis]. Tehran, Iran: Tehran University of Medical Sciences; 2007. [In Persian].

Zalaghi E. Survey of health Effects of Air Pollution Ahvaz, Bushehr and Kermanshah with Use of AIRQ Model [MSc Thesis], Ahvaz, Iran: Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University; 2010. [In Persian].

Zolghi E, Godarzi Gh, Gravandi S, Mohamadi M, Vosoghi Nayeri M, Visi E, et al. Estimate of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases related to particle matter pollutant in Tabriz air, northwest of Iran, 2011. J Ilam Univ Med Sci 2014; 22(1): 84-91. [In Persian].

Goudarzi Gh, Mohammadi MJ, Ahmadi Angali K, Neisi AK, Babaei AA, Mohammadi B, et al. Estimation of health effects attributed to no2 exposure using airq model. J Arch Hyg Sci 2012; 1(2): 59-66.

Goudarzi Gh, Zallaghi E, Neissi A, Ahmadi Ankali K, Saki A, Babaei AA, et al. Cardiopulmonary mortalities and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease attributed to ozone air pollution. J Arch Hyg Sci 2013; 2(2): 62-7.

Kaelin MA, Bayona M. Attributable Risk Applications in Epidemiology [Online]. [cited 2004]; Available from: URL:

http://www.collegeboard.com/prod_downloads/yes/4297_MODULE_17.pdf

Environmental Protection Agency. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) [Online]. [cited 2012]; Available from: URL:

http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html

European Commission. Air Quality Standards [Online]. [cited 2014]; Available from: URL:

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/standards.htm

Goudarzi Gh, Shirmardi M, Khodarahmi F, Hashemi-Shahraki A, Alavi N, Ahmadi Ankali K, et al. Particulate matter and bacteria characteristics of the Middle East Dust (MED) storms over Ahvaz, Iran. Aerobiologia 2014; 30(4): 345-56.

Decramer M, Janssens W, Miravitlles M. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet 2012; 379(9823): 1341-51.

Rycroft CE, Heyes A, Lanza L, Becker K. Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a literature review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2012; 7: 457-94.

Torres M, Moayedi S. Evaluation of the acutely dyspneic elderly patient. Clin Geriatr Med 2007; 23(2): 307-25, vi.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults--United States, 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012; 61(46): 938-43.

Torio CM, Andrews RM. National Inpatient Hospital Costs: The Most Expensive Conditions by Payer, 2011: Statistical Brief #160. 2006.

World Health Organization. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [Online]. [cited 2012]; Available from: URL:

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs315/en/

Downloads

Published

2015-03-19

How to Cite

1.
Goudarzi G, Geravandi S, Mohammadi MJ, Salmanzadeh S, Vosoughi M, Sahebalzamani M. The relationship between air pollution exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Ahvaz, Iran. Chron Dis J. 2015;3(1):14–20.

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)

Section

Original Article(s)