Clinicopathological Analysis of Glioma Patients: A Retrospective Study From a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India: Clinicopathological Analysis of Glioma Patients

Priyanka Sakhare; Manisha Atram; Vijay Bhalavi; Anupama Gupta

Authors

Priyanka Sakhare Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandh Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha.442102, Maharashtra, India https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9607-5953
Manisha Atram Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha.442102, Maharashtra, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7970-4216
Vijay Bhalavi Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Hinganghat, Wardha.442102, Maharashtra, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7973-4618
Anupama Gupta Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha.442102, Maharashtra, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5598-0331

Keywords:

Glioma, , Analysis, Gioblastoma, Subtypes, Clinical outcome

Abstract

Introduction: Gliomas are tumors of the glial cells, the most common primary malignant brain tumour in adults. Gliomas are difficult to treat, and the overall survival for patients with high-grade tumours is short. This study aims to evaluate the clinicopathological features of gliomas to understand their characteristics, prevalence, and clinical outcome.

Methods: This retrospective descriptive clinicopathological study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, of a rural tertiary care hospital of central India from 2018 to 2023. 103 cases of glioma specimens were received during this study period. Tumor slides were then reviewed by two pathologists. The age, sex, site, clinical presentation, diagnosis, World Health Organization grade, and the histological subtypes were recorded and then analysed using SPSS version 27.0.

Results: Gliomas were highest in the age group of 30 to 50 years with mean age at diagnosis of 44.35 years. The most frequently reported symptom among present study patients was headache (31.07%, n=32), followed by seizures (26.22%, n=27). Glioblastoma (grade 4) was the most common subtype of glioma (44.66%). The frontal lobe and temporal lobe were the most common accounting for the location 24.27% cases each. On histopathology majority of cases (44.66%) were glioblastoma followed by diffuse astrocytoma (26.21%) and pilocytic astrocytoma (16.50%). A roughly inverse but statistically significant correlation was found between tumor size and survival outcome (p=0.0001). Gliomas with radiological tumor size less than 4 cm were associated with better prognosis and vice-versa. Histological grade of glioma had a significant impact on survival outcome. High grade gliomas (grade 3 and 4) showed a higher mortality rate 40.77% (n=42/46) and a low survival rate 3.88% (n= 4/46) than low grade glioma.

Conclusion: Of all gliomas, glioblastoma was the predominant histological subtype and associated with poor prognosis. The current study, sheds light on the rising burden of glioma in developing countries over the past decades, with a notable trend of the disease manifesting at younger ages.

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Clinicopathological Analysis of Glioma Patients: A Retrospective Study From a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India