Comparison of cognitive rehabilitation and Floortime on executive functions in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Cognitive rehabilitation and Floortime therapy of ADHD
Keywords:
Floortime Play Therapy, Executive Functions, Cognitive RehabilitationAbstract
Introduction:The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation and Floortime play therapy on executive functions in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Tehran.
METHODS: The statistical population included all children with ADHD in Tehran in the academic year 2023-2024. From the statistical population, 45 children with ADHD were assigned to two experimental groups and a control group (15 people in each group) (based on high scores on the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF)). The research design was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a two-month follow-up phase. The instrument used in the present study was the Behavioral BRIEF. Analysis of variance method with repeated measures and the Bonferroni post hoc test was used for data analysis.
RESULTS: Cognitive rehabilitation and Floortime play therapy were effective on executive functions and their components compared to the control group (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation and Floortime play therapy in reducing executive function deficits in children with ADHD, and it seemed cognitive rehabilitation was more effective than Floortime play therapy (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: The cognitive rehabilitation method, compared to Floortime play therapy, can be used as a method to help improve the conditions of children with ADHD.
References
Purper-Ouakil D, Ramoz N, Lepagnol-Bestel AM, Gorwood P, Simonneau M. Neurobiology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatr Res. 2011;69(5 Pt 2):69R-76R.
Sayal K, Prasad V, Daley D, Ford T, Coghill D. ADHD in children and young people: prevalence, care pathways, and service provision. Lancet Psychiatry. 2018;5(2):175-86.
Hassanzadeh S, Amraei K, Samadzadeh S. A meta-analysis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder prevalence in Iran. CECIRANJ. 2019; 10(2): 165-177.
Krieger V, Amador-Campos JA. Assessment of executive function in ADHD adolescents: contribution of performance tests and rating scales. Child Neuropsychol. 2018;24(8):1063-87.
Yang G, Liu Q, Wang W, Liu W, Li J. Effect of aerobic exercise on the improvement of executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychol. 2024;15 (2024):1376354.
Tengsujaritkul M, Louthrenoo O, Boonchooduang N. Emotional/behavioural problems and functional impairment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. East Asian Arch Psychiatry. 2020;30(3):79-83.
Robledo-Castro C, Lerma-Castaño PR, Bonilla-Santos G. Effect of cognitive training programs based on computer systems on executive functions in children with ADHD: A Systematic Review. J Atten Disord. 2023;27(13):1467-87.
Cheng D, Chen D, Chen Q, Zhou X. Effects of attention on arithmetic and reading comprehension in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Curr Psychol. 2023;42(20):17087-96.
Elahi B, Bakhtiari Saeed B, Shriatnia K, Damghani Mir Mahale M. Comparing the effectiveness of computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation and play therapy based on cognitive behavioral approach to behavioral inhibition of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. MEJDS. 2024; 14(56): 1-10.
Soleimani Oskuei S, Rezaei A, Mohammadzadeh A. The effectiveness of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation on brain executive functions (attention, working memory, response inhibition) among children with reading disorders. J Cogn Strat Learn. 2022; 10(19): 107-33.
Nazeriyeh E, Niknam M. Working memory of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: comparing the effectiveness of computerized cognitive games with play therapy based on cognitive rehabilitation. Journal of Psychological Studies. 2023;19(1):79-92.
Divya KY, Begum F, John SE, Francis F. DIR/floor time in engaging autism: a systematic review. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res.2023;28(2):132-8.
Wong KP, Qin J. Effectiveness of social virtual reality training in enhancing social interaction skills in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: protocol for a three-arm pilot randomized controlled trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2023; 12(1): e48208.
Baniasadi T. Comparison of executive function and working memory among children with high and low levels of physical activity. Int J Edu Cogn Sci. 2024;5(3):11-7.
Gioia GA, Isquith PK, Guy SC, Kenworthy L. Test review behavior rating inventory of executive function. Child Neuropsychol. 2000; 6(3): 235-238.
Memisevic H. Self-regulation in children with intellectual disability. J Spec Educ Rehab. 2015; 16(3-4):71-83.
Abdolmohamamadi K, Mohammadzadeh A, Ghadiri Sourman Abadi F. The effectiveness of computerized cognitive rehabilitation in improving response inhibition and working memory in adolescents with tendency to substance use. ETIADPAJOHI 2023; 16 (66): 71-90.
Balsamo LM, Mitchell HR, Ross W, Metayer C, Hardy KK, Kadan-Lottick NS. Monitoring neurocognitive functioning in childhood cancer survivors: evaluation of CogState computerized assessment and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). BMC Psychology. 2019; 7(1): 26.
Yılmaz H, Demirkol ME, Tamam L, Yılmaz SÖ, Yeşiloğlu C. Assessing orthorexic behaviors in a clinical sample: validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the Düsseldorf orthorexia scale. J Eat Disord. 2024;12(1):174.
Sadeghi J, Cheraghpour Khenkhdar R. The effectiveness of game therapy with Captain Log software on attention deficit and concentration of students in Qaemshahr city. Iranian Quarterly Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences. 2018; 13(1):11-19.
Yazdanbakhsh K, Aivazy S, Moradi A. The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation of working memory on improving sleep problems and behavioral symptoms in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals. 2018; 8(29), 213-34.
Cullinane DA, Binns AV, Feder JD, Graham T, Mahoney GJ, Naber FB, et al. Developmental relationship-based interventions for autistic children. Top Early Child Spec Educ. 2024; 24 (2024):02711214241303695.
Bolghan-Abadi M, Erfanyfar B. Effectiveness of floor time play therapy on the oppositional defiant and hyperactivity disorders on reducing of preschool children. JAC. 2022; 11(2): 1-20.
Jafari M, Mashayekh M, Khan Mohammadi Otaqhsara A. Comparing the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation training and sensory integration on attention and impulsivity of hyperactive students. Razi J Med Sci. 2024(9 Jan); 30.163.
Nazarzade Gigloo S, Fathabadi J, Nejati V, Nazarboland N, Sadeghi Firoozabadi V. The Impact of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation (ARAM software) on executive functions (selective attention, working memory, and behavioral inhibition) of students with specific learning disorders. JPEC. 2022; 1400(15): 69-89.
Wong TY, Chang YT, Wang MY, Chang YH. The effectiveness of child-centered play therapy for executive functions in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2023;28(3):877-94.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Chronic Diseases Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.
