Advances in Type 2 Diabetes Management: A Rapid Review of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
SGLT2 Inhibitors vs GLP-1 Agonists in Treatment of DM
Keywords:
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsAbstract
Introduction:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a multifaceted metabolic disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to complications like cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent advances in pharmacotherapy, including sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, have revolutionized diabetes care. These agents offer dual benefits: glycemic control and cardiorenal protection. SGLT2 inhibitors promote renal glucose excretion, reducing HbA1c levels and demonstrating significant nephroprotective and heart failure benefits. GLP-1 receptor agonists enhance insulin secretion and appetite suppression, yielding substantial glycemic improvement and weight reduction.
Methods: This rapid review synthesizes data from 24 randomized clinical trials conducted between 2020 and 2024, involving over 61,000 participants.
Results: The findings underscore the efficacy of both drug classes, with GLP-1 agonists achieving superior HbA1c reductions (up to 1.7%) and weight loss (up to 9.6%), while SGLT2 inhibitors excel in reducing CKD progression and heart failure hospitalizations. Combination therapies demonstrate synergistic benefits, further advancing treatment outcomes.
Conclusions: Despite these advances, questions remain regarding their differential efficacy across diverse subgroups, long-term outcomes, and optimal integration into clinical practice. Addressing these gaps through personalized treatment approaches and extended trials is essential. This review highlights the transformative potential of these therapies, emphasizing their role in holistic diabetes management.
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